Three years of stability work went into this one formula. Retinal is the most direct precursor to retinoic acid, and also the least patient - it oxidises in light, in air and in the wrong pH. We hold 0.3% of it inside a lipid capsule that opens gradually on the skin, which keeps 94% of its potency at twelve months and softens the adjustment period most people associate with a retinoid.
The base does as much work as the active: squalane and ceramide NP to support the barrier while the retinal is working, and 4% panthenol to keep the first fortnight comfortable. In a 12-week user trial of 118 volunteers, 89% reported visibly smoother skin texture and 76% reported a reduction in the appearance of fine lines around the eye. Begin two evenings a week and build from there.